SIGNAL / EQUATION / EVIDENCE
Count integrators, then check the error
Compare type 0/1/2 at K=2 with a step, then a ramp. Why can a loop track a fixed target but lag behind a moving one?
02 / CHECK YOUR PREDICTION
Did the result match your prediction?
Choose a measurable prediction before changing a setting. Record the current result, change one condition, then check. This compares complete recordings, not the replay cursor.
Prediction and baseline stay in memory for this page only. Use Start a new prediction to choose a new baseline.Observe and compare
L₀=K/(s+1); L₁=K/s; L₂=K(s+1)/s² · E=R/(1+L)
t=0 s · r=1 · y=0 · e=1
- Predicted limiting error
- 0.33333
- Numerical error at 30 s
- 0.33333
Solid cyan: current error. Dashed traces: pinned errors. Target/output are available at the time cursor. RK4: 10 ms; display: 100 ms. All signals are normalized.
Explain what changed
Compare type 0/1/2 at K=2 with a step, then a ramp. Why can a loop track a fixed target but lag behind a moving one?
Read the related Field Journal →
University of Washington — Steady-State Error